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A Little History of Economics (Little Histories)

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In England, economists such as Thomas Mun began thinking about how their country could become richer than its rivals. He believed that what was good for merchants was good for the nation. Countries set up special companies allowing investors to pool their money and share in the profits, like the East India Company, in which Mun was an official. Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923): Kimseyi incitip üzmeden, bir kişiyi daha iyi duruma getirmek mümkünse, ekonomi verimsizdir. Bütün değiş tokuşlar yapıldığı zaman “Pareto Etkin” olur. “Refah Teoremine” göre ekonomi dengede olduğunda, israf edilen kaynak olmaz ve birisini kötüleştirmeden, başka birini daha iyi yapmak mümkün değildir. Breve Historia de la Economía" no tiene página mala. Al menos en mí, logró su cometido: incrementar mi admiración e interés por la disciplina económica. Una lectura deliciosa para quienes disfruten aprender cosas nuevas! (claro, si no son economistas). Una entretenida combinación de ciencia e historia.

In A Little History of Economics , Niall Kishtainy details the complex trajectory of economics from ancient Greece to the present, drawing on a wealth of historical knowledge, illuminating anecdotes and examples as well as imaginative metaphors to trace the evolution of economic thinking. But, asks Madeline McSherry , where are the women in this history?La Economía es también la única ciencia social que se vale de leyes generales y de sofisticados modelos matemáticos para describir la compleja red de relaciones alrededor de la escasez y del "capital" que se tejen en las sociedades humanas. Pero esto no la hace similar a la física, como muchas personas creemos, o peor, como muchos economistas están convencidos que pasa. In these blinks, we’ll learn the history of the field, from the ancient Greeks to the cowboy (and girl) bankers who triggered the global financial collapse of 2007. Perhaps by considering how earlier economists sought to explain their own times, we can see our own more clearly. In his book, Kishtainy literally relegates women to the margins: he puts most of the female thinkers in a single chapter towards the end. It’s easy for readers to feel like this section was an afterthought or an attempt to appease readers. Moreover, this ‘women’ chapter is all about feminist economics. While this is an interesting and important area of study, it seems to suggest that all female economists pursue feminist economics, which is simply not true. François Quesnay (1694-1774) ve Mirebeau: Versailles Sarayı Ekonomistler Okulu. Doğanın Yönetimi (Fizyokrasi): Tarım özeldir, zenginlik ise buğday ve domuzdur, artı ürün can damarıdır. Zanaatkarlar artı değer yaratamaz, artı değeri oradan oraya aktaran tüccarlar ve bankerler ekonomik parazitlerdir. “Quesnay Zigzakı”: Çiftçiler artı değer ile aristokratlara kira öder, aristokratlar zanaatkarların ürününü alır, zanaatkarlar çiftçiden yiyecek alır ve çember tamamlanır. “Çiftçilerden alınan vergiler kaldırılsın, aristokratların vergisi arttırılsın” deyince, Kral XV Louis, Mirabeau’yu hapse atar. What I enjoyed about this book is how simply and easily the author covers the highlights throughout the history of economics, paying attention to the key ideas and theories as well as influential figures, but without overwhelming an unfamiliar reader such as myself with too much information. After all, the reason why I'm reading this book is to find out just a LITTLE history (and also because it's my reading club's book for April). As a layperson I understand I'm not supposed to become an economics expert from reading this book. This book is merely a good, friendly primer to give me a rough idea of things and to point out the extent of my ignorance when it comes to economic theories.

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A few centuries later, as European ships began exploring the world, they came upon civilizations rich in silver and gold. European merchant-explorers looted them, delivering vast wealth to European rulers who bought ever-fancier castles and outfits, among other things. So began mercantilism: the alliance between merchants and European rulers. A pleasurable and easy way to become familiar with important economic ideas such as comparative advantage, unemployment, aggregate demand, inflation, and income inequality."—Foreign Affairs

Thomas Maltus (1766-1834): Daha fazla insan daha fazla yoksulluk demektir. (Merkantilistler; nüfus artışı iyidir der, ütopyacılar ise; insanlar yoksulluğa mahkum değildir der.) Malthus���un babası ütopyacılara hayrandır. Fransız devrimi liderlerinden Marquis de Condorcet de daha iyi bir topluma inanır ve “insanlık mükemmellik yolunda yürümektedir, uygarlık kalkınmanın 9 aşamasını geçmiş, eşitliğin sağlanacağı onuncu ve son aşamaya gelmiştir” der. Malthus’a göre nüfus her kuşakta ikiye katlanacaktır, artan nüfusun hızına asla yetişilemeyecektir. Nüfus yiyecek arzını silip süpürecektir. “Yoksullara yardım, tembelliği ödüllendirir, yeni toprak kazanmak gibidir ve nüfus patlamasına yol açar” der. İnsanları evlenmeyi ertelemeye teşvik eder. Marx, Malthus’un bu düşüncelerini insanlığa hakaret olarak değerlendirir.

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Friedrich List (1789-1846): Öteki ülkeler Britanya başarısını tekrarlamak için serbest ticaretten başka yol izlemelidir. Farklı derecede gelişmiş ülkeler arasında serbest ticaret iyi bir fikir değildir. Serbest ticaretin anlamı Britanya’nın öteki ülkeler üzerinde hakimiyet kurma özgürlüğüdür. Oysa yeni endüstrilerin bakıma ihtiyacı vardır, yabancı rekabetinden korunmalıdır. The book is chronological, from early Greek philosophers to twenty-first century economic psychologists, inequality researchers, and others, who are clearly different from the mid-twentieth century mainstream. Overall, Kishtainy gives significant attention to economic thinkers who were outside the consensus of their time. This book is an intellectual treasure trove for anyone interested in history, big ideas, and the role that economic thinking has played in both for more than 2000 years."—Charles Wheelan, author of Naked Economics

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