The End of the World is a Cul de Sac

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Real estate developers prefer culs-de-sac because they allow builders to fit more houses into oddly-shaped tracts of land and facilitate building to the edges of rivers and property lines. [12] They also choose these discontinuous network patterns of cul-de-sac and loop streets because of the often significant economies in infrastructure costs compared to the grid plan. School buses can also have a hard time turning around, which means that children who live in a cul-de-sac must often walk to a bus stop on a main through-road. However, recent [ when?] research on obesity and urban planning suggests that to be a possible advantage because it enables children to get daily physical activity. Longer walking distances, however, reduce interest to use buses especially when a car is available. [39] This disincentive to walking to a school bus-stop can be overcome in planned cul-de-sac streets by regulating their maximum length to about 500ft (150m), as was recommended and practiced by R. Unwin and others. In many stories the natural world, with its animal appetites and feral, sexual energy, impinges on the urban. A pregnant woman accidentally witnesses her husband commit adultery with an agricultural science student in the lambing shed, shattering her sense of self-worth; while in another story a man shoots a hare that he knows his partner adores: “There was a treacly hole at the front of his head, his eyes were hazel and still.”

The End of the World Is a Cul de Sac: A masterclass by a The End of the World Is a Cul de Sac: A masterclass by a

More generally, the New Urbanism movement has offered criticism of the cul-de-sac and crescent (loop) street types not intended to network with each other. It has been suggested that such street layouts can cause increased traffic on the collector streets. It is recognized that culs-de-sac and looped streets inherently remove car traffic through them and restrict access to residents only. Resident traffic is naturally channelled to minor residential collectors and to arterials that provide inter-neighbourhood and inter-district connectivity. A study, reported in 1990, [35] compared the traffic performance in a 700-acre (2.8km 2; 280ha) development that was laid out using two approaches, one with and the other without hierarchy or cul-de-sac streets. It concluded that the non-hierarchical, traditional layout generally shows lower peak speed and shorter, more frequent intersection delays than the hierarchical pattern. The traditional pattern is not as conducive to long trips as the hierarchical but more conducive to short trips. Local trips in it are shorter in distance but about equivalent in time with the hierarchical layout. A later similar comparative traffic study [31] of about 830 acres (3.4km 2; 340ha) concluded that all types of layouts perform adequately in most land-use scenarios and that a refined hierarchical, dendrite network can improve traffic performance.

Darkly funny, beautifully crafted, intense - this is an outstanding first collection from a natural story writer -- Kevin Barry Dead ends are added to road layouts in urban planning to limit through-traffic in residential areas. While some dead ends provide no possible passage except in and out of their road entry, others allow cyclists, pedestrians or other non-automotive traffic to pass through connecting easements or paths, an example of filtered permeability. The International Federation of Pedestrians proposed to call such streets "living end streets" [3] and to provide signage at the entry of the streets that make this permeability for pedestrians and cyclists clear. Its application retains the dead end's primary function as a non-through road, but establishes complete pedestrian and bicycle network connectivity.

The End of the World is a Cul de Sac by Louise Kennedy The End of the World is a Cul de Sac by Louise Kennedy

A] dark, funny, brilliantly downbeat Irish debut. Bitterness, beauty and a caustic wit colour Kennedy's stories, as the past makes itself unforgettably present in the lives of her vividly drawn characters * Daily Mail * Huttenmoser, Marco; Meierhofer, Marie (1995). "Children and Their Living Surroundings for the Everyday Life and Development of Children". Children's Environments. 12 (4): 1–17. Gated communities, whose numbers steadily increase worldwide, use cul-de-sac and loop street networks because the dendrite structure reduces the number of through roads and thus the corresponding number of entries and exits that need to be controlled. I am haunted by these unforgettable short stories and believed every single line of every one of them. Louise Kennedy is a very major talentInferential evidence of their earlier use can also be drawn from the text of a German architect, Rudolf Eberstadt, that explains their purpose and utility: [6] The author of this outstanding collection of short stories has had a rather remarkable route to publication. Born in Northern Ireland, now living in Sligo, Louise Kennedy spent nearly 30 years as a professional chef before joining a writing group in 2014, seemingly just to please a friend. A year later she was winning prizes, and when in 2019 she was shortlisted for the Sunday Times Audible Short Story Award (she made the list again in 2020), a bidding war erupted between nine publishers for her signature. Gritty, bitter, hard-won, the 15 stories in this first collection feel a world away from the seeming solipsism of the younger generation of female Irish writers who are conquering the literary world. Garland Sunday tells about motherhood gone wrong because of the horror of misogyny in Ireland two generations previously. Class differences explored between Kathy and Orla. Names are brilliantly chosen e.g. Baby Kayleigh. a b "cul-de-sac". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) In recent times, the critical focus in new Irish fiction has been on writers who explore millennial dilemmas, such as Sally Rooney and Naoise Dolan. But alongside these novelists have emerged superbly accomplished short-story writers such as Wendy Erskine and Danielle McLaughlin, whose first published works draw on many years of rich lived experience. Louise Kennedy can confidently join their ranks with her dazzling, heartbreaking debut collection, The End of the World Is a Cul de Sac.

The End of the World is a Cul de Sac - Goodreads The End of the World is a Cul de Sac - Goodreads

The RRP is the suggested or Recommended Retail Price of a product, set by the publisher or manufacturer. Weighing available evidence has led a few US cities including Austin, Texas; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Portland, Oregon, to restrict and regulate the inclusion of cul-de-sac streets in new suburbs. [12] However, a 2010 study [40] [ moved resource?] on sprawl in North America by a legal expert concludes that "neighborhoods dominated by culs-de-sac are less walkable than those that include street grids. ... On the other hand, culs-de-sac do have a countervailing public benefit: because of their very inaccessibility, they tend to have less automobile traffic. Given the existence of important public policy goals on both sides, a city seeking to maximize walkability should not favor culs-de-sac over grids, but should also allow some culs-de-sac as a legitimate residential option. ... In addition, there are "middle ground" alternatives between prohibiting culs-de-sac and mandating them. For example, a city could encourage culs-de-sac combined with pedestrian walkways." This design combination is shown in the Village Homes layout and is an integral part of the Fused Grid.Morris, A. E. J. (1994). History of Urban Form Before the Industrial Revolution (Thirded.). Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Limited. ISBN 0-582-30154-8. We have, in our medieval towns, showing very commendable methods of cutting up the land. I ought to mention here that to keep traffic out of residential streets is necessary not only in the general interest of the population, but, above all, for the sake of the children, whose health (amongst the working classes) is mainly dependent on the opportunity of moving about in close connection with their dwelling places, without the danger of being run over. In the earlier periods, traffic was excluded from residential streets simply by gates or by employing the cul-de-sac. U.S. Federal Highway Administration rules state: "The Dead End sign may be used at the entrance of a single road or street that terminates in a dead end or cul-de-sac. The No Outlet sign may be used at the entrance to a road or road network from which there is no other exit." There is no federal regulation on "no exit". [50] George Orwell, "Politics and the English Language," 1946". Mtholyoke.edu. Archived from the original on 2010-07-15 . Retrieved 2013-04-16. A lot of modern short story writers can be quite vague in their writing, which can be frustrating sometimes. But there is no vagueness in Louise Kennedy's writing. Everything is crystal clear. You always know what's going on. Not that she spells everything out for you, rather all the subtleties and intrigue are left unsaid, between the lines.